Available for the iPhone at the App Store

Chapter Note Matthew Henry Commentary (Complete)

R O M A N S.
CHAP. XII.

      The apostle, having at large cleared and confirmed the prime fundamental doctrines of Christianity, comes in the next place to press the principal duties. We mistake our religion if we look upon it only as a system of notions and a guide to speculation. No, it is a practical religion, that tends to the right ordering of the conversation. It is designed not only to inform our judgments, but to reform our hearts and lives. From the method of the apostle's writing in this, as in some other of the epistles (as from the management of the principal ministers of state in Christ's kingdom) the stewards of the mysteries of God may take direction how to divide the word of truth: not to press duty abstracted from privilege, nor privilege abstracted from duty; but let both go together, with a complicated design, they will greatly promote and befriend each other. The duties are drawn from the privileges, by way of inference. The foundation of Christian practice must be laid in Christian knowledge and faith. We must first understand how we receive Christ Jesus the Lord, and then we shall know the better how to walk in him. There is a great deal of duty prescribed in this chapter. The exhortations are short and pithy, briefly summing up what is good, and what the Lord our God in Christ requires of us. It is an abridgment of the Christian directory, an excellent collection of rules for the right ordering of the conversation, as becomes the gospel. It is joined to the foregoing discourse by the word "therefore." It is the practical application of doctrinal truths that is the life of preaching. He had been discoursing at large of justification by faith, and of the riches of free grace, and the pledges and assurances we have of the glory that is to be revealed. Hence carnal libertines would be apt to infer."Therefore we may live as we list, and walk in the way of our hearts and the sight of our eyes." Now this does not follow; the faith that justifies is a faith that "works by love." And there is no other way to heaven but the way of holiness and obedience. Therefore what God hath joined together let no man put asunder. The particular exhortations of this chapter are reducible to the three principal heads of Christian duty: our duty to God t ourselves, and to our brother. The grace of God teaches us, in general, to live "godly, soberly, and righteously;" and to deny all that which is contrary hereunto. Now this chapter will give us to understand what godliness, sobriety, and righteousness, are though somewhat intermixed.

Book Note Matthew Henry Commentary (Complete)

AN
EXPOSITION,
W I T H   P R A C T I C A L   O B S E R V A T I O N S,
OF THE EPISTLE OF ST. PAUL TO
T H E   R O M A N S.
      I F we may compare scripture with scripture, and take the opinion of some devout and pious persons, in the Old Testament David's Psalms, and in the New Testament Paul's Epistles, are stars of the first magnitude, that differ from the other stars in glory. The whole scripture is indeed an epistle from heaven to earth: but in it we have upon record several particular epistles, more of Paul's than of any other, for he was the chief of the apostles, and laboured more abundantly than they all. His natural parts, I doubt not, were very pregnant; his apprehension was quick and piercing; his expressions were fluent and copious; his affections, wherever he took, very warm and zealous, and his resolutions no less bold and daring: this made him, before his conversion, a very keen and bitter persecutor; but when the strong man armed was dispossessed, and the stronger than he came to divide the spoil and to sanctify these qualifications, he became the most skilful zealous preacher; never any better fitted to win souls, nor more successful. Fourteen of his epistles we have in the canon of scripture; many more, it is probable, he wrote in the course of his ministry, which might be profitable enough for doctrine, for reproof, c., but, not being given by inspiration of God, they were not received as canonical scripture, nor handed down to us. Six epistles, said to be Paul's, written to Seneca, and eight of Seneca's to him, are spoken of by some of the ancients [ Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct. lib. 2] and are extant but, upon the first view, they appear spurious and counterfeit.
      This epistle to the Romans is placed first, not because of the priority of its date, but because of the superlative excellency of the epistle, it being one of the longest and fullest of all, and perhaps because of the dignity of the place to which it is written. Chrysostom would have this epistle read over to him twice a week. It is gathered from some passages in the epistle that it was written Anno Christi 56, from Corinth, while Paul made a short stay there in his way to Troas, Acts 20:5 ; Acts 20:6 . He commendeth to the Romans Phebe, a servant of the church at Cenchrea Romans 16:1Romans 16:1 ), which was a place belonging to Corinth. He calls Gaius his host, or the man with whom he lodged Romans 16:23Romans 16:23 ), and he was a Corinthian, not the same with Gaius of Derbe, mentioned Acts 20:4 . Paul was now going up to Jerusalem, with the money that was given to the poor saints there; and of that he speaks, Romans 15:26Romans 15:26 . The great mysteries treated of in this epistle must needs produce in this, as in other writings of Paul, many things dark and hard to be understood, 2 Peter 3:16 . The method of this (as of several other of the epistles) is observable; the former part of it doctrinal, in the first eleven chapters; the latter part practical, in the last five: to inform the judgment and to reform the life. And the best way to understand the truths explained in the former part is to abide and abound in the practice of the duties prescribed in the latter part; for, if any man will do his will, he shall know of the doctrine, John 7:17 .
      I. The doctrinal part of the epistles instructs us,
      1. Concerning the way of salvation (1.) The foundation of it laid in justification, and that not by the Gentiles' works of nature Romans 1:32Romans 1:32 ), nor by the Jews' works of the law Romans 2:1 - 3Romans 2:1 - 3 ), for both Jews and Gentiles were liable to the curse; but only by faith in Jesus Christ, Romans 3:21 - 4Romans 3:21 - 4Romans 3:21 - 4Romans 3:21 - 4 . (2.) The steps of this salvation are, [1.] Peace with God, Romans 5:1 - 21Romans 5:1 - 21 . [2.] Sanctification, Romans 6:1 - 7Romans 6:1 - 7 . [3.] Glorification, Romans 8:1 - 39Romans 8:1 - 39 .
      2. Concerning the persons saved, such as belong to the election of grace Romans 9:1 - 33Romans 9:1 - 33 ), Gentiles and Jews, Romans 10:1 - 11Romans 10:1 - 11 . By this is appears that the subject he discourses of were such as were then the present truths, as the apostle speaks, 2 Peter 1:12 . Two things the Jews then stumbled at--justification by faith without the works of the law, and the admission of the Gentiles into the church; and therefore both these he studied to clear and vindicate.
      II. The practical part follows, wherein we find, 1. Several general exhortations proper for all Christians, Romans 12:1 - 21Romans 12:1 - 21 . 2. Directions for our behaviour, as members of civil society, Romans 13:1 - 14Romans 13:1 - 14 . 3. Rules for the conduct of Christians to one another, as members of the Christian church, Romans 14:1 - 15Romans 14:1 - 15Romans 14:1 - 15Romans 14:1 - 15 .
      III. As he draws towards a conclusion, he makes an apology for writing to them Romans 15:14 - 16Romans 15:14 - 16 ), gives them an account of himself and his own affairs Romans 15:17 - 21Romans 15:17 - 21 ), promises them a visit Romans 15:22 - 29Romans 15:22 - 29 ), begs their prayers Romans 15:30 - 32Romans 15:30 - 32 ), sends particular salutations to many friends there Romans 16:1 - 16Romans 16:1 - 16 ), warns them against those who caused divisions Romans 16:17 - 20Romans 16:17 - 20 ), adds the salutations of his friends with him Romans 16:21 - 23Romans 16:21 - 23 ), and ends with a benediction to them and a doxology to God Romans 16:24 - 27Romans 16:24 - 27 ).